Manikarnika Ghat- Cremation Ghat of Varanasi

Manikarnika Ghat is one of the holiest cremation grounds among the sacred riverfronts (ghats), located on the banks of River Ganga, in the city of Varanasi in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. In Hinduism, death is considered a gateway to another life marked by the result of one’s karma. It is believed that a human’s soul attains moksha, and hence breaks the cycle of rebirth when cremated here.

Manikarnika Ghat is one of the most significant and oldest ghats on the banks of the Ganges River in Varanasi, India. It holds immense religious and cultural importance for Hindus and is renowned for its association with cremation rituals.

The ghat is named after Sati‘s earrings which fell there. The Hindu genealogy registers at Varanasi are kept there.

The Manikarnika Ghat is located in Varanasi, India, and is flanked by the Dashashwamedh Ghat and the Scindia Ghat.

Key Aspects of Manikarnika Ghat:

1. Religious Significance:
   • Hindu Beliefs: Manikarnika Ghat is considered one of the most auspicious places for cremation. Hindus believe that being cremated here can lead to moksha, or liberation from the cycle of rebirth.
   • Mythology: According to legend, the ghat is named after the “manikarnika,” which refers to a jewel earring of the goddess Parvati. It is said that the earring fell here, and thus, the ghat is blessed and sacred.
2. Cremation Rituals:
   • Traditional Practices: The ghat is one of the busiest cremation sites in Varanasi. The rituals conducted here are deeply rooted in tradition, and the process often involves intricate rites performed by the family of the deceased.
   • Ceremonial Importance: The continuous burning of pyres and the rituals performed are considered to be of great religious importance. It’s believed that those who are cremated here attain eternal peace and liberation.

Cremation holds profound significance in Varanasi, a city considered one of the holiest in Hinduism. The practices and beliefs surrounding cremation in Varanasi reflect deep spiritual, cultural, and religious traditions.

Religious and Spiritual Significance

1. Moksha (Liberation):
   • Belief in Moksha: Hindus believe that dying and being cremated in Varanasi grants a soul the opportunity to attain moksha, which is liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth (samsara). This is because Varanasi is seen as a place where the divine presence is exceptionally strong.
   • Sacred Status: It is believed that the divine energies present in Varanasi can help a soul achieve liberation more easily compared to other places.
2. Mythological Importance:
   • Legendary Associations: Various Hindu myths and legends associate Varanasi with deities like Shiva, who is said to reside in the city. The association of Shiva with death and transformation further enhances the city’s significance as a place for cremation.
   • Scriptural References: Ancient texts like the Puranas and epics, including the Mahabharata, highlight the importance of Varanasi in the context of life, death, and the afterlife.

Cultural and Practical Aspects

1. Cremation Ghats:
   • Major Ghats: Varanasi is home to numerous ghats, but Manikarnika Ghat and Harishchandra Ghat are particularly important for cremations. These ghats are often referred to as “sacred” because they are the primary locations where the final rites are conducted.
   • Continuous Rituals: The ghats are constantly active with cremation rituals, which are performed with great reverence and following detailed rites.
2. Ceremonial Practices:
   • Rituals and Offerings: The process of cremation involves a series of rituals performed by priests and family members. These include the offering of sacred fire, chanting of mantras, and other rites intended to ensure the soul’s peaceful transition.
   • Ashes and Ganges: After cremation, the ashes (as a part of the ritual) are typically immersed in the Ganges River, which is believed to purify them and help the soul on its journey to the afterlife.

Societal and Historical Context

1. Historical Significance:
   • Ancient Traditions: Cremation in Varanasi has been practiced for thousands of years, and the city’s role as a center of spiritual and religious activities has been well-documented in historical records and scriptures.
   • Preservation of Customs: Despite modern changes, traditional practices and rituals related to cremation are still very much alive in Varanasi, preserving the city’s ancient heritage.
2. Local Beliefs and Practices:
   • Community Role: Cremation practices in Varanasi are not only a spiritual affair but also a community event. Local families, priests, and others are involved in the process, reflecting the communal nature of religious practices in the city.
   • Respect for Traditions: Visitors and locals alike show deep respect for these customs, understanding the profound significance they hold in Hindu philosophy and culture.

In summary, cremation in Varanasi is deeply interwoven with Hindu beliefs about life, death, and the afterlife. The city’s ghats, rituals, and historical context all contribute to its reputation as a sacred place where the journey of the soul is honored and facilitated towards its ultimate liberation.

Daily Schedule for Cremation:

In Varanasi, the timing for cremation at the ghats, especially at the prominent ones like Manikarnika Ghat and Harishchandra Ghat, is influenced by various traditional, practical, and religious factors. Here’s a detailed look at the timing aspects:

1. Continuous Process:
   • 24/7 Activity: Cremation rituals at the main ghats in Varanasi are carried out 24 hours a day. This continuous schedule accommodates the high number of cremations that take place daily and reflects the city’s role as a central hub for such rites.
     • Daylight Hours: While cremations can occur at any time, there tends to be more activity during daylight hours. The early morning hours and late afternoon are often particularly busy.
     • Specific Ritual Times: Certain times of the day may be more auspicious for particular ceremonies, and this can influence the timing of cremations. For example, some families prefer to conduct cremations in the morning as it is considered an auspicious time.

Overall, while cremation at the ghats in Varanasi happens around the clock, there are preferred times based on religious practices, family choices, and practical needs.